Scipio africanus biography summary of winston churchill

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Who Was Scipio Africanus?

Scipio Africanus was a member of a patrician Roman family. His father, a Roman consul, was killed during the Second Punic War. Scipio took up the mantle of military leadership and proved himself to be a gifted general and tactician.

In B.C., Scipio defeated Hannibal in the Battle of Zama and ended the Second Punic War. He died circa B.C. in Liternum.

Early Life

Publius Cornelius Scipio, who would become famed Roman general Scipio Africanus, was born in Rome, Italy, in B.C. His patrician family was one of Rome's five great families. Scipio shared the same name as his father, a Roman consul.

The Second Punic War Begins

In B.C., Hannibal, a Carthaginian general, started the Second Punic war by attacking the city of Saguntum (Sagunto, Spain), an ally of the Roman Republic.

Scipio—who had been trained to become a military leader — followed his father into war to defend Rome's strategic interests.

Scipio africanus biography summary of winston churchill Article Talk. Lester Broke Barriers. American Journal of Philology. Scipio rode into the battle of the Ticinus River to rescue his father in B.

Scipio rode into the battle of the Ticinus River to rescue his father in B.C.

Scipio continued to fight for Rome as Hannibal's army moved into Italy. In B.C., at the Battle of Cannae, the Romans suffered heavy losses after being encircled by Hannibal's forces. Scipio survived the battle, and regrouped at Canusium with 4, other survivors.

He also kept some of these men from deserting.

Commander in the Second Punic War

Though Scipio took a civilian position in B.C., he returned to fighting after his father and uncle were killed in battle.

Scipio africanus biography summary of winston churchill s life ON arrival at Rome Scipio obtained an audience of the Senate outside the city, at the temple of Bellona, and there gave them a formal report of his campaigns. The 13 Most Cunning Military Leaders. This maneuver significantly reduced the impact of the Carthaginian war elephants, which had been a source of terror in previous battles. One story, given by Valerius Antias , indicates that one of the tribunes at the urging of Cato the Elder brought charges against Scipio Africanus alleging bribery and theft.

In B.C., Scipio was given the command of Rome's forces in Spain. Two years later, he took the city of Carthago Nova (New Carthage), the center of Carthaginian power in Spain. This gave Scipio access to a new cache of weapons and supplies.

At the Battle of Baecula in B.C., Scipio defeated Hasdrubal (Hannibal's brother), who escaped to Italy with some of his troops.

The next year, Scipio convinced the local population in Spain to forswear Carthage and pledge their allegiance to Rome. In B.C., Scipio defeated the remaining Carthaginian forces in Spain, which placed Spain under Roman control.

Final Years of the Second Punic War

Scipio was elected consul in B.C. He next planned to take his forces to Africa, but had to overcome opposition from the Roman Senate.

Though his political enemies limited his troop numbers, Scipio was able to raise additional troops and soon traveled from Sicily to North Africa.

Scipio africanus biography summary of winston churchill s iron curtain speech Bust likely of Scipio Africanus formerly identified as Sulla , originally found near his family tomb [ 1 ]. Campaign in Hispania [ edit ]. Marriage and issue [ edit ]. Scipio Africanus.

Hannibal was recalled from Italy in order to defend Carthage.

In B.C., the armies of Scipio and Hannibal faced each other in the Battle of Zama. During the conflict, the Romans sounded horns that panicked the Carthaginian elephants, causing them to reverse and trample many of Hannibal's troops. Scipio's forces were triumphant and the Carthaginians sued for peace, thus ending the Second Punic War.

Later Years

Scipio returned to a hero's welcome in Rome in B.C.

Due to his triumphs in Africa, he was awarded the title "Africanus." He was elected consul for a second time in B.C.

Despite his triumphs, Scipio had many powerful political enemies in Rome, including Marcus Cato. Scipio faced charges of bribery and treason that were intended to discredit him, and he left Rome in B.C.

At the approximate age of 53, Scipio died at his estate in Liternum, Campania (now Patria, Italy), circa B.C.

Disgusted by the ingratitude of the Roman government, Scipio arranged for his body to be buried in Liternum and not in Rome. However, he would be remembered by Romans and others for his superior military abilities and accomplishments.

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• Name: Scipio Africanus
• Birth Year:
• Birth City: Rome
• Birth Country: Italy
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Scipio Africanus was a talented Roman general who commanded the army that defeated Hannibal in the final battle of the Second Punic War in B.C.
• Industries
• Death Year:
• Death City: Liternum, Campania
• Death Country: Italy

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• Article Title: Scipio Africanus Biography
• Author: Editors
• Website Name: The website
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• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: May 25,
• Original Published Date: April 3,